LAGOS STATE MOCK BIOLOGY
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1a
In the breaking down of glucose, it is first broken down to pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen then the acid is converted to alcohol (in plants) or latic acids (in animal) after this process 2 molecules of ATP are produced then in cytoplasm an enzyme ( a molecule, decarboxylase) removes Co² from each molecule of the ATP. After this the molecules are double until it is 38ATPs.
In the mitochondrion, the production of hydrogen atom is monitored and energy is released
2a)
(i)kidneys,
(ii)liver,
(iii)lungs,
(iv)skin
(v)Malpighian tubules
2b)
(i)Malpighian tubules - insects
(ii)Kidneys - man
(iii)Skin - frog,man
(iv)Nephridia - earthworm
Lungs - man
2c)
i) Excretory system of Earthworm
The process of removal of metabolic waste products including nitrogenous material like ammonia, urea, uric acid, amino acid, etc. from the body is called excretion.
ii) Excretory system consists of nephridia as excretory organ which is analogous to kidney of vertebrates like human.
Nephridia are porous, long, thin and coiled tube which are found in all segments except first three.
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3a)
[CHECK IMAGE]
3b)
(A) ROLE OF TONGUE IN NUTRITION ARE:_
(1) movement of food in the Neck buccal cavity or mouth
(2) it allows the mixing of food with Cement saliva or enzyme
(3) It assists in swallowing or pushing of bolus into the gullet
(4) enables the formation of food into bolus.
(B) ROLE OF SALIVA IN NUTRITION ARE:_
(1) For lubrication of food
(2) it allows for easy chewing or movement of food in the mouth, for swallowing.
(3) Acts as a solvent for food
(4) Contains ptyalim or enzyme for digesting cooked starch
(5) It is slightly alkaline.
(C) THE ROLE OF STOMACH IN NUTRITION ARE:_
(1) production of gastric juice which contains pepsin for protein digestion
(2) The juice contains Renin for coagulation of liquid protein or milk. The stomach also has hydrochloric acid to form acid medium which kills bacteria. It helps in storing or temporal storage of undigested food.
(3) It produces churning movement which aids mixing of food with digestive juice.
(D) THE ROLE OF TEETH IN NUTRITION ARE:_
(1) For chewing, mastication, cutting, grinding and biting of foods
(2) For tearing and breaking Enamel food into particles
(3) Exposing large surface area for functioning or action of the enzymes.
3c)
_We can easily test if a food item contains starch._
Take small quantity of the food items to be tested.
Put 2-3 drops of iodine solution on it.
Observe the colour of the food item.
Blue-black colour indicates the presence of starch in the tested food item.
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